The festival environment
The festival was conceived
by lovers of nature to give all the pleasure
to discover or rediscover its natural
resources, to renew ties strong with the
environment. For five days, professional and
volunteer networks of Conservation discover
(free) areas known or unknown.
Hundreds of walks in familiar places like
corners normally inaccessible, are organized
by those who know every detail.
The public is invited to discover species
emblematic or unrecognized, some familiar
territory to survey led by naturalist
guides, to better understand the work and
passion for natural area managers,
foresters, actors of protection nature which
ensure the maintenance of biodiversity.
For this fourth edition, the organizers
would like to see participate as
individuals. They are likely to maintain a
piece of nature in their property or their
simple garden. Creating conviviality and
exchange about the nature in private places
is now an objective of the Festival of
Nature 2010.
Naturalists are near you, and you do not
know ... They always show you what lies
behind the door ...
This festival of five days is an opportunity
to meet them!
The Festival of Nature is also a great time
of emergency awareness and issues of
protection of biodiversity. It raises
questions about man's place in nature and
its responsibility in the conservation of
biodiversity.
________________________________________
brain drain
Brain drain is the departure of educated or
talented persons for better pay or jobs
elsewhere. The term originated about 1960,
when many British scientists and
intellectuals immigrated to the United
States for a better working climate.
Economically speaking, brain drain means an
emigration of trained and talented
individuals ("human capital") to other
nations because of conflicts and lack of
opportunity. It parallels the term "capital
flight" which refers to financial capital
that is no longer invested in the country
where its owner lived and earned it.
When a highly qualified professional chooses
to leave his own country for another, he
does so for one or several legitimate
political or economic reasons: peace and
security for himself and his family, job
satisfaction, better pay and conditions, a
higher standard of living, etc. Throughout
history, countries and centres of academic
excellence which offer these attractions
have received the largest numbers of
professional migrants and these have, in
turn, made substantial contributions, not
only to the economic growth of their host
countries, but also to the scientific and
technological advancement of humanity.The
loss of such bog number of skilled
immigrants results in huge losses that are
very difficult to compensate for even in
long years to come. The brain drain is
actually affecting the economies and social
structures of a country, especially the
emerging countries that have to do
everything they can to stop this phenomenon.
Finally, I do believe that it is the
responsibility of both governments and
individuals to try harder to stop the flow
of highly skilled people from their own
countries resulting in a brain drain that
affects each and every society.
________________________________________
Advances
in technology
Technology is a broad concept that
deals with a people’s usage and knowledge of
tools and crafts, and how it affects man’s
ability to control and adapt to its
environment. In human society, technology is
a consequence of science and engineering. In
the last two centuries, humanity has
witnessed great technological developments
that are not to be paralleled with any other
past times in history. These technological
advances range from the invention of the
light bulb to the latest wireless computers
and internet devices. But what are the
implications of these technological advances
on our societies.
To begin with, technological advances have
helped people use tools and materials that
made life easier for them. To give one
example, the use of the phone and the
internet has made it extremely possible to
communicate with any person on any other
part of the world. So, the limitations in
communication that we had in the past are
all over by now. Academically speaking,
students no longer rely today entirely on
books to look for the information they need
to do a research. Rather they are invited
now to search the internet and get
ready-made information that saves both time
and effort. Spatially speaking, people
managed to set their foot on the moon and
discover things that were in the past only
myths for many of us.
However technological advances have had also
their negative sides. To illustrate to that,
internet use has made the gap even greater
between those who have access to it and
those who don’t. Let us remember that there
are those who can’t have yet access even to
electricity to use all those technological
advances which seem to be made mainly for
those who have the means to buy it. The
advances in telecommunication have also made
people more selfish in the sense that
everyone now has his/her mobile phone; and
we no longer have family conversations or
calls for the whole family. Every one holds
private conversations on the phone that
other can’t know about. For all these
reasons, I believe that one has to look at
the other side of the coin and believe that
technological development is double-edged.
To conclude, and as far as I am concerned,
technological advances are a major step in
the development of nations and societies and
it is imperative to make good use of those
developments and make it accessible to all
individuals in the world.
________________________________________
The advantages and disadvantages of
technology
In fact, technology has changed the
way we live and communicate, but at the same
time it is the reason behind many problems
and phenomena in our daily life.
Mankind is grateful for technology’s
benefits in different domains. For example,
with internet people can get information
easily, sending résumés to companies and
booking rooms in hotels. In regard to
transport, people can travel wherever they
love in a very short time. In addition,
technology has helped doctors to find cures
to some chronic diseases.
Despite its advantages, people’s health is
getting worse and worse because of the fumes
of factories and the smoke of cars and
buses. The most dangerous inventions are
rockets and bombs which kill innocent people
and destroy everything. Moreover, workers
are replaced by machines in companies which
increases the number of joblessness in many
countries.
It all comes down to saying that people must
be aware of the use of technology, since
this latter aims at improving people’s life
not killing creatures.
________________________________________
Women’s
position
Nowadays, we all notice that women’s
position has greatly changed in society.
Their efforts have been crowned by getting
an equal position to men in all domains.
Women could not go to school and stayed with
their parents at homes. Thus they were
regarded illiterate and ignorant as well.
Their jobs were looking after their
husbands, cooking daily meals and washing
dishes as machines. They were not allowed to
vote and were under the authority of men.
When it comes to clothes, women used to wear
jallaba and veil, and could not go anywhere
without the permission of their husbands and
parents.
Everything has now changed, women have
become aware of the significance of
education, and so they go to school and get
good marks. More than that, they have been
appointed teachers and directresses in great
schools. Because of their strong struggles,
women can share with men some political
posts like working in courts as judges or
lawyers. In addition to that, women wear
whatever they love and go to cafés as men
All in all, the marginalization of women in
the past led them to suffer a lot and live a
difficult life. However, women struggled to
show their existence in society and have
finally got their rights as men
________________________________________
personal values
Personal values are one of the most
important things in our life. This Life as
we know it now wouldn’t be possible without
personal values that regulate it. Indeed,
the more values a person has the more
respect and admiration she/he gets. For
instance, people who value hard-work often
end up being the most successful. I have
never known a person who works hard and
never succeeds in life. Likewise, honesty is
another value that is key to success in
life. Honest people earn the trust and
reliability of others. They are valued for
their honesty and truthfulness. Undoubtedly,
there is nothing more rewarding than knowing
people with such values as honesty and
hard-work. With these people one can
establish fruitful relationships that are to
the advantage of everyone. True to say,
honesty and hard-work are two cornerstones
for a good and successful life
________________________________________
Letter of complaint
رسالة تشكي حول شيء اشتريته ووجدت به خلل
24 Rotterdam, Hauges Avenue
12 streets Harlem
Holland
20/11/2007
Mr Fred, manager of youth school
Magazine, industry Road Amsterdam
Dear sir or Madam,
I am a keen reader of the local school
magazine « spotlight » and
I have been impressed by a number of
articles I read there. Today I take the
chance to write you an article about a
worrying school phenomenon; namely, smoking.
To start with and as far as I am concerned
there are predisposing factors that lead
some students to take up smoking. I mean
here that certain conditions in their lives
make it more likely for these students to
smoke. Socially, students who take up
smoking usually come from poor families or
working ones that do not have the time to
supervise their children after school.
Besides that, students are heavily
influenced by the others who smoke. As they
see their peers smoking, they can’t help
giving it a try. Undoubtedly, the family
structures and backgrounds and the social
surrounding play a determining role in this
fact.
Academically, students who do poorly in
school are known to be taking up smoking
more than any others. The school
frustrations and the feeling of an inability
to keep up with the rest of the class push
some students to do irresponsible deeds.
It goes without saying that smoking has a
negative impact on every addict. Among young
people, the short-term health effects of
smoking include damage to the respiratory
system, addiction to nicotine, and the
associated risk of other drug use. Long-term
health consequences of youth smoking are
reinforced by the fact that most young
people who smoke regularly continue to smoke
throughout adulthood. Therefore, they become
vulnerable to many illnesses, such as
cancer.
To conclude, smoking is a major youth
problem that needs the help and the
contribution of everyone of us to try to
limit this bad habit. Indeed, it is
imperative that each and every one of us
take a step towards informing and
sensitizing our youth of the dangers of
smoking. By way of this same contribution I
have been glad to write you these lines to
state my stand in your promising magazine
Yours Anuarmadridista.
________________________________________
Life in the countryside
Many people believe that life in the
countryside is mush better than in the city
,well they are wrong , living in the
countryside is really difficult ,going out
at night , for instance , is useless since
there is nowhere to go to enjoy oneself,
another thing is that when a person falls
sick it is difficult to find an ambulance to
take him to the nearest hospital .another
misconception is about pollution , the
countryside is not wholly clean , the air we
breathe is not as fresh as people think
,many houses are not connected to the main
sewage ,and do you know that many factories
exist in many villages
________________________________________
Poverty
Poverty is becoming a serious problems for
many countries , it affects the whole
society and delays the development of the
country .
Poor families very often have health
problems , because they have lot of children
, parents are unable to provide medicine for
them ,also they cant send them to school
since schooling is expensive , they send
them instead to work and bring them money ,
so when members of society are unhealthy or
illiterate this affect the development of
the country .
Poverty is a serious problem, an enemy that
government should fight by trying to make
all members of society benefit from the
resources of their country and work for its
development .
________________________________________
Parents-children relationship
Parents-children relationship differ from
one family to another . While some parents
complain that their children don't listen to
them anymore , children on the other hand
complain that their parents don't understand
them any longer .
My relationship with my parents is a good
one , I respect them and understand them,
the allow me to choose my friends my cloths
to travel alone and to invite friends home,
however , they are very strict when it comes
to my homework or staying late out late at
night .
To have a good parents-relationship is very
easy thing if both parents and children make
efforts to create such a kind of relation
ship .
________________________________________
Television
? Television has
became part of our every day life .what are
its advantages and disadvantages
On the one hand, TV has became the most
influential means of the mass media because
it has both sound and picture .it's also the
most popular source of information education
and international , in brief TV brings the
whole word to us .
One the other hand TV develops passive and
lazy viewers . it also prevents
communication between the members of the
family besides students don't their homwork
and may became aggressive when they watch
films of violence .
________________________________________
war
WAR is one of the wost
crime that pople have ever made to the
humanity . that's why we should know why
some ediot poeple can't stand leaving in
peace becuase
the best thing that can draw the smile on
every one's face is the peace. but in
reality we have a deferent image to the
world, we see that no one want to respect
the right of other or want's to enslave
poeple or take there weals, and they make
some silly reasons to get what they want
exactly like what happend to
our brothers in iraq .
war also creat a very bad destarction and
ruin in everywhere .
and from the main point we can say that
poepl in stean of burning world they have to
to learn how to leave in peace and creat the
happiness instead of hate and killing .
________________________________________
Working children
Child labour is one of the problems
that many
countries face, there are various causes
that drive children to work some of them
drop out of school in order to help their
poor or sick parents others have to work
because they are orphans. In addiction some
parents are ignorant they think education is
a waste of time .
Working children face a tough life; in
factories and mines they work in bad
conditions no fresh air, long hours they may
be injured by machines they are also
deprived of education and childhood
________________________________________
Humain rights
The concept of human rights has existed
under several names in European thought for
many centuries, at least since the time of
King John of England . After the king
violated a number of ancient laws and
customs by which England had been governed,
his subjects forced him to sign the Magna
Carta, or Great Charter, which enumerates a
number of what later came to be thought of
as human rights. Among them were the right
of the church to be free from governmental
interference, the rights of all free
citizens to own and inherit property and be
free from excessive taxes. It established
the right of widows who owned property to
choose not to remarry, and established
principles of due process and equality
before the law. It also contained provisions
forbidding bribery and official misconduct .
The political and religious traditions in
other parts of the world also proclaimed
what have come to be called human rights,
calling on rulers to rule justly and
compassionately, and delineating limits on
their power over the lives, property, and
activities of their citizens .
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
in Europe several philosophers proposed the
concept of "natural rights," rights
belonging to a person by nature and because
he was a human being, not by virtue of his
citizenship in a particular country or
membership in a particular religious or
ethnic group. This concept was vigorously
debated and rejected by some philosophers as
baseless. Others saw it as a formulation of
the underlying principle on which all ideas
of citizens' rights and political and
religious liberty were based .
In the late 1700s two revolutions occurred
which drew heavily on this concept. In 1776
most of the British colonies in North
America proclaimed their independence from
the British Empire in a document which still
stirs feelings, and debate, the U.S.
Declaration of Independence
________________________________________
smoking
When your
parents were young, people could buy
cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere -
even in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were
all over the place. Today we're more aware
about how bad smoking is for our health.
Smoking is restricted or banned in almost
all public places and cigarette companies
are no longer allowed to advertise on buses
or trains, billboards, TV, and in many
magazines .
Almost everyone knows that smoking causes
cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that
it can shorten your life by 14 years or
more; and that the habit can cost a smoker
thousands of dollars a year. So how come
people are still lighting up !
________________________________________
natural disaster
A is the consequence of when a
potential natural hazard becomes a physical
event (e.g. volcanic eruption, earthquake,
landslide) and this interacts with human
activities. Human vulnerability, caused by
the lack of planning, lack of appropriate
emergency management or the event being
unexpected, leads to financial, structural,
and human losses. The resulting loss depends
on the capacity of the population to support
or resist the disaster , their
resilience.[1] This understanding is
concentrated in the formulation : "
disasters occur when hazards meet
vulnerability".[2] A natural hazard will
hence never result in a natural disaster in
areas without vulnerability, e.g . strong
earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The term
natural has consequently been disputed
because the events simply are not hazards or
disasters without human involvement
________________________________________
Globalization
Globalization refers
to increasing global connectivity,
integration and interdependence in the
economic, social, technological, cultural,
political, and ecological spheres.
Globalization is an umbrella term and is
perhaps best understood as a unitary process
inclusive of many sub-processes (such as
enhanced economic interdependence, increased
cultural influence, rapid advances of
information technology, and novel governance
and geopolitical challenges ) that are
increasingly binding people and the
biosphere more tightly into one global
system .
There are several definitions and all
usually mention the increasing connectivity
of economies and ways of life across the
world. The Encyclopedia Britannica says that
globalization is the "process by which the
experience of everyday life ... is becoming
standardized around the world ." While some
scholars and observers of globalization
stress convergence of patterns of production
and consumption and a resulting
homogenization of culture, others stress
that globalization has the potential to take
many diverse forms .
________________________________________
Advertinsing
One the hand advertising makes consumers
aware, of the new products on the market and
helps them spend their money wisely it also
as creates many jobs .
On the other hand advertising makes people
feel frustrated, if they can't afford the
products .it also increases the prise of
goods what's more it urges consumers to buy
unnecessary commodities .
________________________________________
Emmigration
Morocco recently saw a migration of the
population of cities and villages me
especially in the last 50 years that
happened Leone Morocco for independence .
What are the reasons that drive housing
villages to migrate to cities? And what are
the causes of migrations out of the negative
impact ?
- There is a range of reasons why the
villagers to the cities Tahgerh me among
them lack even the most basic means
necessary hospitals and transportation means
Finding work Mestekareaulthossein
circumstances of living ... ect . The result
eased the congestion entire towns and
neighborhoods Baladi shanties and Tahera
begging and the use of young children
Resulting from the whole circumcision eased
some tragic scenes
- Finally, I wish to state that changed
everything in their power to stop the
advance of the pious and out of control the
situation
________________________________________
education
Education encompasses teaching and learning
specific skills, and also something less
tangible but more profound: the imparting of
knowledge, good judgement and wisdom.
Education has as one of its fundamental
goals the imparting of culture from
generation to generation (see socialization
). Education means 'to draw out',
facilitating realisation of self-potential
and latent talents of an individual. It is
an application of pedagogy, a body of
theoretical and applied research relating to
teaching and learning and draws on many
disciplines such as psychology, philosophy,
computer science, linguistics ,
neuroscience, sociology and anthropology .
The education of an individual human begins
at birth and continues throughout life.
(Some believe that education begins even
before birth, as evidenced by some parents'
playing music or reading to the baby in the
womb in the hope it will influence the
child's development.) For some, the
struggles and triumphs of daily life provide
far more instruction than does formal
schooling (thus Albert Einstein's admonition
to "never let school interfere with your
education"). Family members may have a
profound educational effect — often more
profound than they realize — though family
teaching may function very informally
________________________________________
Terrorism
Terrorism is a term used to describe
violence or other harmful acts . Terrorism
expert Walter Laqueur in 1999 has counted
over 100 definitions and concludes that the
"only general characteristic generally
agreed upon is that terrorism involves
violence and the threat of violence". Most
definitions of terrorism include only those
acts which are intended to create fear or
"terror ", are perpetrated for an
ideological goal (as opposed to a "madman"
attack), and deliberately target
"non-combatants ".
As a form of unconventional warfare ,
terrorism is sometimes used when attempting
to force political change by : convincing a
government or population to agree to demands
to avoid future harm or fear of harm,
destabilization of an existing government,
motivating a disgruntled population to join
an uprising, escalating a conflict in the
hopes of disrupting the status quo,
expressing a grievance, or drawing attention
to a cause .
The terms "terrorism" and "terrorist"
(someone who engages in terrorism) carry a
strong negative connotation. These terms are
often used as political labels to condemn
violence or threat of violence by certain
actors as immoral, indiscriminate, or
unjustified. Those labeled "terrorists"
rarely identify themselves as such, and
typically use other generic terms or terms
specific to their situation, such as:
separatist, freedom fighter, liberator ,
revolutionary, vigilante, militant,
paramilitary, guerrilla, rebel, jihadi or
mujaheddin, or fedayeen, or any
similar-meaning word in other languages .
Terrorism has been used by a broad array of
political organizations in furthering their
objectives; both right-wing and left-wing
political parties, nationalistic, and
religious groups, revolutionaries and ruling
governments.The presence of non-state actors
in widespread armed conflict has created
controversy regarding the application of the
laws of war .
An International Roundtable on Constructing
Peace, Deconstructing Terror (2004) hosted
by Strategic Foresight Group recommended
that a distinction should be made between
terrorism and acts of terror. While acts of
terror are criminal acts as per the United
Nations Security Council Resolution 1373 and
domestic jurisprudence of almost all
countries in the world, terrorism refers to
a phenomenon including acts, perpetrators of
acts of terror and motives of the
perpetrators. There is a disagreement on
definition of terrorism. However, there is
an intellectual consensus globally that acts
of terror should not be accepted under any
circumstances. This is reflected in all
important conventions including the United
Nations counter terrorism strategy, outcome
of the Madrid Conference on terrorism and
outcome of the Strategic Foresight Group and
ALDE roundtables at the European Parliament
________________________________________
Leisure time
Recreation is very important for one health
whoever we are we need leisure activities
because they enable us our minds and bodies
If we go on working without a break we'll
get bord and exchasted
Therfore we should spend our free time on
the things we like doing much as listing to
music and pratising sport in this way we'll
have energy to rasume our studies and
warking
OK sany I PPRESENT TO YOU THIS OBJECT OF THE
HOW CAN AIR POLLUTION HURT MY HEALTH
air pollution can effect our health in many
ways with a both short-term effects
different groups of individuals are effected
by air pollution in different ways . some
individualsare much more sensitive to
pollutants than are others. young children
and elderly people after suffer môre from
effects of air pollution.poeple with health
problems such asthma .heart and lung disease
may olso suffer more when the air is
poolluted the extent to wich in individual
is harmed by air pollution usualy depends on
the total to the damaging chimicals i.e the
duration of exposure and the concentration
of the chimicals must be taken into
account..this s the end of pragraph i wish
to benefit it ok
________________________________________
Racism
Racism or racialism is a form of race,
especially the belief that one race is
superior to another. Racism may be expressed
individually and consciously , through
explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or
socially and unconsciously , through
institutions that promote inequality between
races .
In the 19th century many legitimized racist
beliefs and practices through scientific
theories about biological differences among
races. Today, most scientists have rejected
the biological basis of race or the validity
of "race" as a scientific concept. Racism,
then, becomes discrimination based on
alleged race. Racists themselves usually do
believe that humans are divided into
different races .
There are two main definitions of racism
today. One of them states that racism is
dicrimination based on alleged race, the
other - newer - one states that racism has
started to include also discrimination based
on religion or culture
________________________________________
women working
There have been a lot of chages in our
social life in the last decades .many more
women working ,of course ,has the lifestyle
of many families
Many people are worried whether a carrer
women can properly care for the children the
advantage of women working
women and men are equal and should also have
the right have a job
women should hlep in the devlopment of
theircountry
carrer mot her are usually educated and so
can help their family
the disadvantage of carrer women : women
find ut difficult to take very good care of
children while working out side they usually
nturn home tired often a day 's work outside
the also have to deal with the house work
the are left with litter time to care for
their childern .
thes affect a lot the whole family ,and may
cause problems for children at schol ....e
bc .
. finally i say that at taking good care
children of women /mothers alonne
man/father should also share this
responsibility with their wives
life is getting very expensive and women to
help their family
________________________________________
A drought
A drought is a
prolonged, abnormally dry period when there
is not enough water for users' normal needs.
Drought is not simply low rainfall; if it
was, much of inland Australia would be in
almost perpetual drought. Because people use
water in so many different ways, there is no
universal definition of drought .
Meteorologists monitor the extent and
severity of drought in terms of rainfall
deficiencies. Agriculturalists rate the
impact on primary industries, hydrologists
compare ground water levels, and
sociologists define it on social
expectations and perceptions
________________________________________
Leiure
. What
i do in my free time ? Well, i like to
exercise and sports , especially Karate.
Just the same, i like to watch a football
match or a good film sometimes .
Music- now that`s somethingi like as much as
sport. I very often listen to music on the
radio.but what i lke best is reading books
on biology,chemistry and physics. These are
my favourite subjects at school.what about
friends? Ilike to be with them on Saturday
racism
Racism or racialism is a form of race,
especially the belief that one race is
superior to another. Racism may be expressed
individually and consciously , through
explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or
socially and unconsciously , through
institutions that promote inequality between
races ..
In the 19th century many legitimized racist
beliefs and practices through scientific
theories about biological differences among
races. Today, most scientists have rejected
the biological basis of race or the validity
of "race" as a scientific concept. Racism,
then, becomes discrimination based on
alleged race. Racists themselves usually do
believe that humans are divided into
different races .
There are two main definitions of racism
today. One of them states that racism is
dicrimination based on alleged race, the
other - newer - one states that racism has
started to include also discrimination based
on religion or culture
________________________________________
-
women
Millions of women throughout
the world live in conditions of abject
deprivation of, and attacks against, their
fundamental human rights for no other reason
than that they are women .
Combatants and their sympathizers in
conflicts, such as those in Sierra Leone,
Kosovo, the Democratic Republic of Congo ,
Afghanistan, and Rwanda, have raped women as
a weapon of war with near complete impunity.
Men in Pakistan, South Africa, Peru, Russia,
and Uzbekistan beat women in the home at
astounding rates, while these governments
alternatively refuse to intervene to protect
women and punish their batterers or do so
haphazardly and in ways that make women feel
culpable for the violence. As a direct
result of inequalities found in their
countries of origin, women from Ukraine,
Moldova, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic,
Burma, and Thailand are bought and sold,
trafficked to work in forced prostitution,
with insufficient government attention to
protect their rights and punish the
traffickers. In Guatemala , South Africa,
and Mexico, women's ability to enter and
remain in the work force is obstructed by
private employers who use women's
reproductive status to exclude them from
work and by discriminatory employment laws
or discriminatory enforcement of the law. In
the U.S., students discriminate against and
attack girls in school who are lesbian,
bi-sexual, or transgendered , or do not
conform to male standards of female
behavior. Women in Morocco , Jordan, Kuwait,
and Saudi Arabia face government-sponsored
discrimination that renders them unequal
before the law - including discriminatory
family codes that take away women's legal
authority and place it in the hands of male
family members - and restricts women's
participation in public life
________________________________________
internet
The Internet is a worldwide,
publicly accessible network of
interconnected computer networks that
transmit data by packet switching using the
standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a
"network of networks" that consists of
millions of smaller domestic, academic,
business, and government networks , which
together carry various information and
services, such as electronic mail , online
chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web
pages and other documents of the world wide
web .
The USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the
United States to create the Advanced
Research Projects Agency, known as ARPA, in
February 1958 to regain a technological
lead.[1][2] ARPA created the Information
Processing Technology Office (IPTO) to
further the research of the Semi Automatic
Ground Environment (SAGE) program, which had
networked country-wide together for the
first time.
________________________________________
Science, and technology
The distinction between
science, and technology is not always clear.
Science is the reasoned investigation or
study of phenomena, aimed at discovering
enduring principles among elements of the
phenomenal world by employing formal
techniques such as the scientific method.
Technologies are not usually exclusively
products of science, because they have to
satisfy requirements such as utility,
usability and safety.
Technology is often a consequence of science
and engineering — although technology as a
human activity precedes the two fields. For
example, science might study the flow of
electrons in electrical conductors, by using
already-existing tools and knowledge. This
new-found knowledge may then be used by
engineers to create new tools and machines,
such as semiconductors, computers, and other
forms of advanced technology. In this sense,
scientists and engineers may both be
considered technologists; the three fields
are often considered as one for the purposes
of research and reference .
________________________________________
Cultural values
Groups, societies, or
cultures have values that are largely shared
by their members. The values identify those
objects, conditions or characteristics that
members of the society consider important;
that is, valuable. In the United States, for
example, values might include material
comfort, wealth, competition, individualism
or religiosity. The values of a society can
often be identified by noting which people
receive honor or respect. In the US, for
example, professional athletes are more
highly honored than college professors, in
part because the society values physical
activity and competitiveness more than
mental activity and education. Surveys show
that voters in the United States would be
reluctant to elect an atheist as a
president, suggesting that belief in God is
a value.
Values are related to the norms of a
culture, but they are more general and
abstract than norms. Norms are rules for
behavior in specific situations, while
values identify what should be judged as
good or bad. Flying the national flag on a
holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value
of patriotism. Wearing dark clothing and
appearing solemn are normative behaviors at
a funeral. They
reflect the values of respect and support of
friends and family.
Members take part in a culture even if each
member's personal values do not entirely
agree with some of the normative values
sanctioned in the culture. This reflects an
individual's ability to synthesize and
extract aspects valuable to them from the
multiple subcultures they belong to.
If a group member expresses a value that is
in serious conflict with the group's norms,
the group's authority may carry out various
ways of encouraging conformity or
stigmatizing the non-conforming behavior of
its members. For example, imprisonment can
result from conflict with social norms that
have been established as law.
________________________________________
humor
I think that the best things
to relief from stress is to watch some
sitcoms or hear something funny like jokes
...person should develop his sense of humor
and he should be cool , Comic and
optimistic, because some expert of mental.
health have noted that we can't imagine
going through a day without laughter.
Humor will make every part of your life
better.
It will help you trough difficult times and
it will help you make the good times even
letter, also i twill attract good people and
good situations to you. So cheer up .
________________________________________
drop out of school
Increasing stress in school,
at work, and at home has caused many
students to drop out of school to escape
their problems.
With this increasing amount of stress and
work, some students have become very
frustrated and depressed. Students then drop
out of school and take the easy way out to
eliminate some of that stress.
Students who are most likely to drop out of
school are those who do not have a great
interest in school, or students that have
many adult responsibilities placed upon
them. These problems can force some students
into the work force. They do this both to
provide money for themselves and to fill the
gap that was once school.
Students in high school do not have to deal
with these problems alone. There are
guidance counsellors to talk to, as well as
close friends and teachers to prevent
certain students from.
________________________________________
Financial crisis
The financial repercussions of the crisis
resulting from the mortgage crisis, which
surfaced in 2007 because of the failure of
millions of borrowers to buy houses and real
estate in the United States to pay their
debts to banks
.
This led to a crisis for the American
economy, reaching consequences to the
economies of Europe and Asia in the process
of throwing out a large number of major
banks and international financial
institutions
.
Failed by the hundreds of billions of
dollars pumped into global financial markets
to put an end to the crisis in mortgages,
which has been brewing beneath the surface,
even evolved into a global financial crisis,
has made no secret of many officials fear
that the global economic systems DASHES up
and its implications to many parts of the
world
________________________________________
What is the swine flu
Disease, swine flu and severe acute
respiratory disease, infects pigs and is
caused by one or more of the swine flu virus
type A. This is a disease, usually of high
morbidity rates and low mortality rates (1%
-4%). And spreading the virus between pigs
through the mist and direct contact,
indirect and pigs turned out to be
non-disease symptoms. And records of
outbreaks of the disease in pigs throughout
the year, with a high incidence in the
autumn and winter seasons in temperate
regions. And many countries tend to
vaccinate pigs against the swarms of the
disease is routinely
________________________________________
Working
children
Child labour is one of the
problems that many countries face, there are
various causes that drive children to work
some of them drop out of school in order to
help their poor or sick parents others have
to work because they are orphans. In
addiction some parents are ignorant they
think education is a waste of time.
Working children face a tough life; in
factories and mines they work in bad
conditions no fresh air, long hours they may
be injured by machines they are also
deprived of education and childhood
________________________________________
Air pollution
air pollution can effect our health in many
ways with a both short-term effects
different groups of individuals are effected
by air pollution in different ways .some
individuals are much more sensitive to
pollutants than are others. young children
and elderly people after suffer more from
effects of air pollution people with health
problems such asthma .heart and lung disease
may also suffer more when the air is
polluted the extent to witch in individual
is harmed by air pollution usually depends
on the total to the damaging chemicals. The
duration of exposure and the concentration
of the chemicals must be taken into account.
This s the end of paragraph I wish to
benefit it ok
________________________________________
Cultural values
Groups, societies, or cultures have values
that are largely shared by their members.
The values identify those objects,
conditions or characteristics that members
of the society consider important; that is,
valuable. In the United States, for example,
values might include material comfort,
wealth, competition, individualism or
religiosity. The values of a society can
often be identified by noting which people
receive honour or respect. In the US, for
example, professional athletes are more
highly honoured than college professors, in
part because the society values physical
activity and competitiveness more than
mental activity and education
________________________________________
Young people
Old people are more annoying by far. They
are so quick to degrade and stereotype
younger people even though every group has
had their criminals and bad apples. They are
rude and think they can say or do anything
to anyone without the other person having
any recourse. I have been victimized
numerous times by older people and all old
people can do is keep degrading us. So I
chose Young people because that has a no one
can touch me attitude, demo and think they
know everything
________________________________________
Science and
technologies
The distinction between science and
technology is not always clear. Science is
the reasoned investigation or study of
phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring
principles among elements of the phenomenal
world by employing formal techniques such as
the scientific method. Technologies are not
usually exclusively products of science,
because they have to satisfy requirements
such as utility, usability and safety.
Technology is often a consequence of science
and engineering — although technology as a
human activity precedes the two fields. For
example, science might study the flow of
electrons in electrical conductors, by using
already-existing tools and knowledge. This
new-found knowledge may then be used by
engineers to create new tools and machines,
such as semiconductors, computers, and other
forms of advanced technology. In this sense,
scientists and engineers may both be
considered technologists; the three fields
are often considered as one for the purposes
of research and reference .
________________________________________
Human rights
The concept of human rights has existed
under several names in European thought for
many centuries, at least since the time of
King John of England. After the king
violated a number of ancient laws and
customs by which England had been governed,
his subjects forced him to sign the Magna
Cart, or Great Charter, which enumerates a
number of what later came to be thought of
as human rights.
Right of women
Nowadays we take it for granted that women
have the same rights as men before the First
World War few people believed this. As far
as work was concerned there were jobs wish
were regarded as women's jobs and other
which were regarded as men's jobs. Women's
jobs were generally lower paid as men's. Men
did almost all the heavy jobs in industry or
in transport. Women had jobs like
dress-making, cleaning or worked as
servants. Women's main role was as being to
raise children and look for their home.
Women were not expected to take position of
leaders chip.
________________________________________
Women's role in development
Women's participation in development has
vital benefits. In the case of morocco, this
participation takes place at there main
levels: the social this political and the
economic. First, we can't ignore the active
contribution of women in our society as
nurses, teachers or mothers and wives. As
nurses. women give help to patients in
hospitals. as teachers ,they teach the young
generation and the illiterate. as mothers
and wives, they bring up kids tube good
citizens. Second, there are many women who
take leading position in the government with
a desire to encourage democracy, and
establish freedom and equal rights at the
components of our society.
________________________________________
Citizenship
is membership in a society, community, city
or town but now usually a country and
carries with it to political participation;
a person having such membership is a
citizen. Citizenship status often implies
some responsibilities and duties. It is
largely coterminous with nationality
although it is possible to have a
nationality without being a citizen legally
subject to
a state and entitled to its protection
without having rights of political
participation in it); it is also possible to
have political rights without being a
national of a state. In most nations, a
non-citizen is a non-national and called
either a foreigner or an alien Citizenship,
International organization
InternationalOrganization is a leading
peer-reviewed journal that covers the entire
field ofinternational affairs. Subject areas
include: foreign policies,
internationalrelations, international and
comparative political economy, security
policies, environmental disputes and
resolutions, European integration, alliance
patternsand war, bargaining and conflict
resolution, economic development
andadjustment, and international capital
movements. Published on behalf of
theInternational Organization Foundation
Drop out of school
Increasing stress in school, at work, and at
home has caused many students to drop out of
school to escape their problems. With this
increasing amount of stress and work, some
students have become very frustrated and
depressed. Students then drop out of school
and take the easy way out to eliminate some
of that stress.
Brain drain
The migration of skilled individuals from
developing countries has typically been
considered to be costly for the sending
country, due to lost investments in
education, high fiscal costs and labor
market distortions. Economic theory,
however, raises the possibility of a
beneficial brain drain primarily through
improved incentives to acquire human
capital. Our survey of empirical and
theoretical work shows under what
circumstances a developing country can
benefit from skilled migration. It argues
that the sect oral aspects of migration and
screening of migrants in the receiving
country are of major importance in
determining the welfare implications of the
brain drain. These issues, as well as the
size of the sending country, duration of
migration and the effect of Diaspora
populations, should be addressed in future
empirical work on skilled migration. Brain
drain" is the phenomena whereby nations lose
skilled labor because there are better paid
